LOS PRECIOS EXCESIVOS EN EL DERECHO DE LA COMPETENCIA COLOMBIANO
Keywords:
economía de mercado, derecho de la competencia, precios excesivos, regulación de precios. KEY WORDS, market economy, competition law, excessive prices, price regulation.Abstract
Es innegable la preponderancia que ha adquirido la economía de mercado en el mundo moderno; toda vez que ha sido el sistema adoptado por la mayoría de los países del siglo XX y XXI. Por otra parte, no es menos cierto que en el marco de un Estado Social de Derecho, el mercado tiene un papel trascendental en la consecución del bienestar general. Así las cosas, la intervención del Estado en la economía se justifica en la medida en que el comportamiento individual de cada agente económico tratando de maximizar sus beneficios se contraponga al bienestar social. En ese orden de ideas, el derecho de la competencia se constituye en una herramienta con la que cuenta el Estado para corregir fallas del mercado que no estén acordes con su papel económico y político. Desde esa perspectiva el presente artículo analiza la figura de los precios excesivos en el derecho de la competencia colombiano. Al respecto es importante mencionar que dicha facultad ha generado grandes controversias en las diversas jurisdicciones que la contemplan; ya que tiene la potencialidad de sustituir al mercado como instrumento de asignación de los recursos de la sociedad, pues se acerca a la regulación de precios. Por lo tanto, este artículo estudia los casos en los cuales la Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio (en adelante SIC) abordó dicha facultad contemplada en el artículo 1 de la Ley 155 de 1959. Lo anterior con el propósito de conocer cuál ha sido el tratamiento que la autoridad de competencia colombiana le ha dado a esta facultad y si dicho tratamiento está acorde con el sistema de economía de mercado.
ABSTRACT
It is undeniable the preponderance that the market economy has acquired in the modern world, since this system has been adopted by most countries in the 20th and 21st century. Moreover, it is no less true that in the context of a Social State under the rule of law, the market has a significant role in achieving general welfare. So, government intervention in the economy is justified when the individual behavior of each market agent seeking to maximize their profits is in conflict with the social welfare. Thus, Competition Law is a tool available to the State in order to correct market failures that are not commensurate with its economic and political role. From that perspective, this paper analyzes the figure of excessive prices in the Colombian Competition Law. In this regard it is important to mention that this faculty has been controversial in the various jurisdictions where it exists, because it has the potential to replace the market as an instrument for allocating resources of society, as it approaches to price regulation. Therefore, this paper studies the cases in which the Superintendence of Industry and Trade (hereinafter SIC) addressed this faculty under Article 1 of Law 155 of 1959. This in order to know the treatment that the Colombian Competition Authority has given to this faculty and if such treatment is in line with the market economy system.
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