Efectos de la corrupción en el emprendimiento naciente en estudiantes universitarios
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https://doi.org/10.22267/rtend.26272.298Palabras clave:
corrupción, emprendimiento naciente, estudiantes universitarios, instituciones, sobornosResumen
Introducción: En economías emergentes, la corrupción puede actuar como barrera o facilitadora del emprendimiento. Comprender esta relación resulta crucial en contextos caracterizados por debilidad institucional. Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre el emprendimiento naciente y la exposición a solicitudes de soborno en estudiantes universitarios del suroccidente colombiano. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo transversal con encuesta aplicada a 391 estudiantes entre 2022 y 2023. Se estimaron modelos de probabilidad lineal y probit para calcular efectos marginales. Resultados: La exposición a sobornos se asocia con mayor probabilidad de ser emprendedor naciente (13,93 p.p., ampliándose a 23,38 p.p.) con antecedentes familiares empresariales. La relación varía según la valoración universitaria, negativa en quienes perciben alto aporte, y positiva en quienes perciben deficiencias académicas. Discusión: Los hallazgos evidencian la coexistencia de los efectos grease in the wheels y sand in the wheels, sugiriendo que la asociación depende del perfil formativo del individuo. Conclusiones: La corrupción distorsiona los incentivos empresariales; se recomienda reducir barreras burocráticas y fortalecer la ética institucional en la educación superior.
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