USO DE LA HORMONA DEL CRECIMIENTO EN CARPA COMÚN (Cyprinus carpio) Y EN SALMÓN (Oncorhynchus kisutch). REVISIÓN
Palabras clave:
somatic growth, somatostatin, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, transgenicResumen
La hormona del crecimiento (GH) actúa sobre los tejidos y/o a través de los factores de crecimiento o IGFs produciendo hiperplasia o hipertrofia celular. La GH es regulada por la somatostatina, la cual, a su vez, es influenciada por las condiciones ambientales y por el estado nutricional del animal. La conversión alimenticia y la calidad de la composición corporal, entre otras características, pueden ser modificadas mediante la manipulación del gen de la GH. Existen reportes sobre incremento significativo en la tasa de crecimiento de salmón coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch), trucha arco iris (Oncorhynchus mykiss), salmón del Atlántico (Salmo salar), dorada (Sparus aurata) y carpa (Cyprinus carpio), a través de la manipulación de la expresión génica de la GH y de otros genes. Esta manipulación ha sido aplicada desde hace varios años con el propósito de producir linajes genéticos, de estas y otras especies de peces, buscando incrementar la producción acuícola. Poco se conoce sobre los efectos y consecuencias de los peces transgénicos al entrar en contacto con las poblaciones naturales. En términos comerciales, los consumidores presentan resistencia a productos provenientes de organismos modificados genéticamente, por lo cual hay una disminución de investigaciones en esta área. Esta es una revisión de las investigaciones desarrolladas en carpa común, una de las especies sobre las cuales se tuvo mayores avances.
Palabras clave: crecimiento somático, somatostatina, hipertrofia, hiperplasia, transgénico
USE OF GROWTH HORMONE IN COMMON CARP (Cyprinus carpio) AND SALMON (Oncorhynchus kisutch). REVIEW
ABSTRACT
The growth hormone (GH) acts on the tissues and/or through growth factors IGFs generating cellular hyperplasia or hypertrophy. GH is regulated by somatostatin, which in turn is influenced by environmental conditions and by the nutritional status of the animal. Food conversion and biochemical composition of the flesh, among other characteristics, can be modified by manipulating the GH gene. There are reports of significant increase in growth rate of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), sea bream (Sparus aurata) and carp (Cyprinus carpio) through the manipulation of expression GH gene and other genes. Such manipulation has been applied for many years in order to stablish genetic lineages of these and other fish species fowards increasing the yields in the aquaculture production. Little is known about the effects and consequences of transgenic fish when they into contact with wild populations. In commercial terms, consumers are resistant to products from genetically modified organisms, causing a decrease in research in this area. Here, we present a review of the research on the GH carried out in common carp, one of the species for which major progress has been reported.
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