Watercore in Apple Landraces (Malus domestica Borkh.) as a quality indicator
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.213801.153Keywords:
germplasm, morphological descriptor, quality, rural development, traditional cultivars, vitreous textureAbstract
Watercore is the presence of a vitrified texture intruded in the pulp of the fruit. It is found in fruits from different genus and families; and it has been studied in apples. Watercore was described, in apples, as a texture with differential sensorial characteristics in relationship with the ordinary pulp, and its presence is currently considered a defect in apple production, causing economic losses. In this study, it is described as a dichotomous descriptor. We analysed 641 apples from a region belonging to Central Spain (Guadarrama mountain range and the close Tagus Basin River); it was found that around 30% of those apples shown this characteristic, being practically all of them from landraces. Studies related to traditional cultivars do not analyze such characteristic, considered up today as a defect. Nevertheless, we discuss that watercore can have some potential as it gives to apple a distinct appearance and aroma, all of them of value in differential quality and international seal protection. As a result, we conclude our preliminary analysis that it is highly recommended to take into consideration watercore as a descriptor in apple characterizations.
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References
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Saquet, A.A. (2020). Storage of ‘Cox Orange Pippin’ Apple Severely Affected by Watercore. Erwerbs-Obstbau. 62: 391-398. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-020-00520-y
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Tanaka, F.; Hayakawa, F.; Tatsuki, M. (2020). Flavor and Texture Characteristics of 'Fuji' and Related Apple (Malus domestica L.) Cultivars, Focusing on the Rich Watercore. Molecules. 25(5): 1114. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051114
UPOV- Unión Internacional para la protección de las Obtenciones Vegetales. (2018). Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability. Geneva: UPOV. 45p.
Yamane, T.; Hayama, H.; Mitani, N.; Inoue, H.; Kusaba, S. (2020). Contribution of several fruit quality factors and mineral elements to water-soaked brown flesh disorder in peaches. Scientia Horticulturae. 272: 109523. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109523
Beaudry, R. (2014). Watercore in Apples: Causes, concerns, detection and sorting. Postharvest Laboratory. Michigan State University. 12p. Retrieved from https://www.canr.msu.edu/uploads/files/Watercore_in_apples.pdf
Calvo, G.; Candan, A.P. (2013). Guía para la identificación de fisiopatías en manzanas y peras. Second edition. Río Negro: INTA Ediciones. Serie Divulgación. 19p.
Centre de Conservació de Plantes Cultivades (2020). Fruiterar de salvaguarda de varietats locals. Olot: Parc Natural de la Zona Volcànica de la Garrotxa. 4p.
Dolker, T.; Kumar, D.; Chandel, J.S.; Angmo, S. Chaurasia, O.P.; Stobdan, T. (2021) Phenological and Pomological Characteristics of Native Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Cultivars of Trans-Himalayan Ladakh, India. Defence Life Science Journal. 6(1): 64-69. doi: https://doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.6.15726
Ganopoulos, I.; Tourvas, N.; Xanthopoulou, A.; Aravanopoulos, F.A.; Avramidou, E.; Zambounis, A.; Tsaftaris, A.; Madesis, P.; Sotiropoulos, T.; Koutinas, N. (2018). Phenotypic and molecular characterization of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh) genetic resources in Greece. Scientia Agricola. 75(6): 509-518. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992X-2016-0499
Huang, Y.; Lu, R.; Cheng, K. (2020). Detection of internal defect of apples by a multichannel Vis/NIRspectroscopic system. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 161: 111065. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2019.111065
Inkscape Project. (2020). Inkscape. Retrieved from https://inkscape.org
Liu, X. ; Fan, H.M.; Liu, D.H.; Liu, J.; Shen, Y.; Zhang, J.; Wei, J.; Wang, C.L. (2021). Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Provide Insights into the Watercore Disorder on "Akibae" Pear Fruit. International Journal Of Molecular Sciences. 22(9): 4911. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094911
MAPA-Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. (2020). Datos de las Denominaciones de Origen Protegidas (D.O.P.), Indicaciones Geográficas Protegidas (I.G.P.) y Especialidades Tradicionales Garantizadas (E.T.G.) de Productos Agroalimentarios. 2019 , 3rd edition. Madrid: Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. 129p.
Marconi, G., Ferradini, N., Russi, L., Concezzi, L., Veronesi, F., Albertini, E. (2018). Genetic characterization of the apple germplasm collection in central Italy: the value of local varieties. Frontiers in Plant Science. 9: 1460. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01460
Martínez, R., Legua, P.; Hernández, F.; Carbonell-Barrachina, A.A.; Gogorcena, Y.; Martínez-Nicolás, J.J.; Melgarejo, P. (2020). Molecular, Physico-Chemical and Sensory Characterization of the Traditional Spanish Apple Variety ‘Pero de Cehegín. Agronomy-Basel. 10(8): 1-19. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081093
Matra, D.D.; Kozaki, T.; Ishii, K.; Poerwanto, R.; Inoue, E. (2019) Comparative transcriptome analysis of translucent flesh disorder in mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) fruits in response to different water regimes. PLoS ONE. 14(7): e0219976. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219976
Orange Pippin Ltd. (2020). The Flavor of Russet Apples. Retrieved from https://www.orangepippintrees.com/articles/gardening/flavor-of-russet-apples
Pereira-Lorenzo, S.; Fischer, M.; Ramos-Cabrer, A.M.; Castro, I. (2018). Apple (Malus spp.) Breeding: Present and Future. In: Al-Khayri, J., Jain, S.M., Johnson, D.V. Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Fruits. Volume 3. pp. 3-29. First edition. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 973p. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91944-7_1
Saquet, A.A. (2020). Storage of ‘Cox Orange Pippin’ Apple Severely Affected by Watercore. Erwerbs-Obstbau. 62: 391-398. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-020-00520-y
SAS. (2019). JMP® Version 9.0.2. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, 1989-2019. Recovered from https://support.sas.com/downloads/browse.htm?fil=&cat=536
Slow Food Foundation. (2019). “Gelato Cola” apple. Retrieved from https://www.fondazioneslowfood.com/en/ark-of-taste-slow-food/gelato-cola-apple
Tanaka, F.; Hayakawa, F.; Tatsuki, M. (2020). Flavor and Texture Characteristics of 'Fuji' and Related Apple (Malus domestica L.) Cultivars, Focusing on the Rich Watercore. Molecules. 25(5): 1114. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051114
UPOV- Unión Internacional para la protección de las Obtenciones Vegetales. (2018). Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability. Geneva: UPOV. 45p.
Yamane, T.; Hayama, H.; Mitani, N.; Inoue, H.; Kusaba, S. (2020). Contribution of several fruit quality factors and mineral elements to water-soaked brown flesh disorder in peaches. Scientia Horticulturae. 272: 109523. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109523
Published
2021-05-08
How to Cite
Arnal, A. (2021). Watercore in Apple Landraces (Malus domestica Borkh.) as a quality indicator. Revista De Ciencias Agrícolas, 38(1), 158–165. https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.213801.153
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