UNA CRÍTICA AL SISTEMA MUNDIAL DE SALARIOS
Abstract
Existe la creencia generalizada de que las diferencias internacionales de salarios se deben a las distintas productividades. Esa opinión ha sido cuestionada por diversos economistas. Por ejemplo, Samir Amín observó: “Los trabajadores de la periferia son super-explotados... porque la diferencia en sus salarios (e ingresos no laborables en general) es mucho mayor que la diferencia que registran sus productividades.” (Amín 1990, Capítulo 6). Para otros como Prebisch, Singer y Myrdal, “los aumentos de productividad que se obtienen en las naciones desarrolladas, son trasladados a sus trabajadores en forma de salarios e ingresos más altos, mientras que aquellos aumentos obtenidos en la periferia sólo se reflejan en forma de menores precios” (Salvatore 1987: 273). Me propongo agregar algunas reflexiones personales sobre el asunto. Mis observaciones están influenciadas por la crítica a los salarios desde el feminismo, la cual ha establecido que las diferencias de salario entre los sexos son causadas frecuentemente por razones de discriminación, antes que de productividad. Dentro de esta orden de ideas, la tesis de este artículo es que las diferencias internacionales de salarios se deben en gran parte a la discriminación antes que a las diferencias de productividad.
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