Sistemas de garantia participativa como estratégias de desenvolvimento para produtores rurais

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22267/rtend.222302.208

Palavras-chave:

agrícola, agricultura, associatividade, certificação de garantia própria, desenvolvimento rural, mercados agrícolas

Resumo

Os Sistemas de Garantia Participativa (SGP) são uma estratégia de desenvolvimento associativo, empreendedorismo e empoderamento para produtores rurais de todo o mundo; os SGP são baseados em princípios e objetivos comuns, e ajustados às realidades sociais, geográficas e humanas dos produtores que os desenvolvem. O objetivo do artigo é identificar elementos estruturais do SGP que contribuem para a sua aplicação por pequenos produtores rurais na Colômbia. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura focada em compilar definições, conceitos e evidências sobre o SGP, em seguida foi analisado o histórico da dinâmica produtiva ao nível das comunidades rurais, posteriormente foi feita a vinculação dos selos e certificações como inerentes ao SGP, estudados com isso foram reconhecidos mecanismos de interação como foi o caso das redes sociais e estratégias de marketing; vindo apresentar uma análise da situação do SGP para o caso colombiano. Verifica-se que na Colômbia os aspetos estruturais do SGP têm despertaram interesse na perspetiva de mercados locais e modelos de autocertificação para produtores, associações, organizações não governamentais, centros educativos, compradores e entidades governamentais; da mesma forma, a importância do contexto como ponto de adaptação e implementação do SGP, articulando esforços para a qualidade de vida, associatividade, sustentabilidade e cumprimento de promessas de valor ao nível do mercado que é intervencionado. Recomenda-se que todos os atores interessados em comunicar as vantagens do SGP trabalhem em conjunto e que sejam demonstradas histórias de sucesso para promover a aplicabilidade do SGP como uma estratégia de desenvolvimento para a população rural do país.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Biografia do Autor

José Yeisson Machuca Henao, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia UPTC

Magister (C) en Gestión Estratégica de Proyectos, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia UPTC. Integrante Grupo de Investigación en Innovación y Desarrollo Productivo – Grindep, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia UPTC. ORCiD: 0000-0001-7040-6880. E-mail: jose.machuca@uptc.edu.co, Colombia.

Flor Marlen Ávila Guerrero, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia UPTC

Magíster en Administración, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Docente investigadora Programa de Administración Industrial. Integrante Grupo de Investigación en Innovación y Desarrollo Productivo – Grindep. Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia UPTC. ORCiD: 0000-0002-1415-4401. E-mail: flormarlen.avila@uptc.edu.co, Colombia.

Referências

(1) Acevedo, A. (2020). La ley 2046 de 2020 de compras públicas: ¿espejismo o alternativa de inclusión económica para agricultores campesinos, familiares y comunitarios? Revista Semillas, (75/76), 62-68. https://semillas.org.co/apc-aa-files/353467686e6667686b6c676668f16c6c/14-la-ley-2046-de-compras-publicas.pdf

(2) Astudillo, A. (2018). Los sistemas de garantía participativa y su aplicabilidad en una asociación de productores campesinos. Caso asociación de cacaoteros del norte del Casanare (Asocanosrte). [Tesis de Maestría, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana]. Tesis y disertaciones académicas – Ecología agrícola. http://hdl.handle.net/10554/36135

(3) Binder, N. & Vogl, C. (2018). Participatory Guarantee Systems in Peru: Two Case Studies in Lima and Apurímac and the Role of Capacity Building in the Food Chain. Sustainability, 10(12), 4644. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124644

(4) Blackman, A. & Rivera, J. (2011). Producer-level benefits of sustainability certification. Conservation Biology, 25(6), 1176–1185. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01774.x

(5) Boza, S. (2013). Los Sistemas Participativos de Garantía en el fomento de los mercados locales de productos orgánicos. Polis, Revista Latinoamericana, 12(34), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-65682013000100002

(6) Bui, S., Costa, I., De Schutter, O., Dedeurwaerdere, T., Hudon, M. & Feyereisen, M. (2019). Systemic ethics and inclusive governance: two key prerequisites for sustainability transitions of agri-food systems. Agriculture and Human Values, 36(2), 277–288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-019-09917-2

(7) Cerrada, P., Moragues, A., Zwart, T. A., Adlerova, B., Ortiz, D. & Avermaete, T. (2018). Exploring the contribution of alternative food networks to food security. A comparative analysis. Food Security, 10(6), 1371–1388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-018-0860-x

(8) Crivits, M., de Krom, M., Dessein, J. & Block, T. (2014). Why Innovation is Not Always Good: Innovation Discourses and Political Accountability. Outlook on Agriculture, 43(3), 147–155. https://doi.org/10.5367/oa.2014.0174

(9) Cuéllar, M. & Ganuza, E. (2018). We Don’t Want to Be Officially Certified! Reasons and Implications of the Participatory Guarantee Systems. Sustainability, 10(4), 1142. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041142

(10) Chaparro, A., Chavarría, K. y Tapiero, M. (2019). Construcción de un sistema participativo de garantía con y para la ARAC (Asociación Red Agroecológica Campesina) en el municipio de Subachoque, Cundinamarca, en 2015. Revista Luna Azul, (49), 64–89. https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/lunazul/article/view/2324/2226

(11) Chaudhuri, S., Roy, M., McDonald, L. M. y Emendack, Y. (2020). Reflections on farmers’ social networks: a means for sustainable agricultural development? Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23, 2973–3008. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00762-6

(12) Chiffoleau, Y., Millet, S., Rossi, A., Rivera, M. G. y Merino, P. L. (2019). The participatory construction of new economic models in short food supply chains. Journal of Rural Studies, 68, 182–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.01.019

(13) Christensen, B. C., Kenney, M. & Patton, D. (2015). Regional identity can add value to agricultural products. California Agriculture, 69(2), 85–91. https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.v069n02p85

(14) Dey, A., Gupta, A. K. & Singh, G. (2019). Innovation, investment and enterprise: Climate resilient entrepreneurial pathways for overcoming poverty. Agricultural Systems, 172, 83–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2018.07.013

(15) Fischer, J., Gardner, T. A., Bennett, E. M., Balvanera, P., Biggs, R., Carpenter, S., Daw, T., Folke, C., Hill, R., Hughes, T. P., Luthe, T., Maass, M., Meacham, M., Norström, A., Peterson, G., Queiroz, C., Seppelt, R., Spierenburg, M. & Tenhunen, J. (2015). Advancing sustainability through mainstreaming a social–ecological systems perspective. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 14, 144–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2015.06.002

(16) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2009). Glossary on Organic Agriculture. Roma, Italia. https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/organicag/files/Glossary_on_Organic_-Agriculture.pdf

(17) Fouilleux, E. & Loconto, A. (2016). Voluntary standards, certification, and accreditation in the global organic agriculture field: a tripartite model of techno-politics. Agriculture and Human Values, 34(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-016-9686-3

(18) Gardner, T. A., Benzie, M., Börner, J., Dawkins, E., Fick, S., Garrett, R., Godar, J., Grimard, A., Lake, S., Larsen, R. K., Mardas, N., McDermott, C. L., Meyfroidt, P., Osbeck, M., Persson, M., Sembres, T., Suavet, C., Strassburg, B., Trevisan, A., West, P. & Wolvekamp, P. (2019). Transparency and sustainability in global commodity supply chains. World Development, 121, 163–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.05.025

(19) Gómez, C., De Koning, W., Vriesekoop, F. & Urbano, B. (2019). A model of agricultural sustainable added value chain: The case of the Dominican Republic value chain. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCUYO, 51(1), 111-124. http://revistas.uncu.edu.ar/ojs3/index.php/RFCA/article/view/2348

(20) González, Ó., Aguilar, M. A. & Aguilar, F. J. (2019). A first approach to the design component in the agri-food industry of southern Spain. Revista de La Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, UNCUYO, 51(1), 125-146. http://revistas.uncu.edu.ar/ojs/index.php/RFCA/article/view/2349

(21) Guedes, L. F., Gardner, T., McDermott, C. L. & Lara, K. O. (2014). Group certification supports an increase in the diversity of sustainable agriculture network–rainforest alliance certified coffee producers in Brazil. Ecological Economics, 107, 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.08.006

(22) Home, R., Bouagnimbeck, H., Ugas, R., Arbenz, M. & Stolze, M. (2017). Participatory guarantee systems: organic certification to empower farmers and strengthen communities. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 41(5), 526–545. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2017.1279702

(23) International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM). (2007). Sistemas de Garantía Participativos visión compartida, ideales compartidos. Bonn, Germany: IFOAM Head Office.

(24) International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM). (2012). Feeding the people - The relevance of agroecology for nourishing the world and transforming the current global agri-food system. Brussels, Belgium: IFOAM EU.

(25) Kaufmann, S. & Vogl, C. R. (2017). Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS) in Mexico: a theoretic ideal or everyday practice? Agriculture and Human Values, 35(2), 457–472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-017-9844-2

(26) Kaufmann, S., Hruschka, N. & Vogl, C. R. (2020). Bridging the Literature Gap: A Framework for Assessing Actor Participation in Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS). Sustainability, 12(19), 8100. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198100

(27) Lemeilleur, S. & Allaire, G. (2016). Standardisation and guarantee systems: what can participatory certification offer? [Conference]. IIPPE 2014: Fifth Annual Conference in Political Economy, “The Crisis: Scholarship, Policies, Conflicts and Alternatives”, Naples, Italy. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01594049

(28) Ley 2046 de 2020. (2020, 6 de agosto). Congreso de la República de Colombia. Diario Oficial No. 51.398. http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/ley_2046_2020.htm

(29) Loconto, A. & Hatanaka, M. (2017). Participatory Guarantee Systems: Alternative Ways of Defining, Measuring, and Assessing “Sustainability.” Sociologia Ruralis, 58(2), 412–432. https://doi.org/10.1111/soru.12187

(30) Long, N. (2007). Sociología del desarrollo: una perspectiva centrada en el actor. El Colegio de San Luis, Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social (CIESAS).

(31) López, D. (2018). Aporte Potencial de los Sistemas Participativos de Garantía (SPG) a la Soberanía Alimentaria Caso SPG Caldas 2016-2017. [Tesis de Maestría, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana]. Tesis y disertaciones académicas - Maestría en Desarrollo Rural. http://hdl.handle.net/10554/34356

(32) López, M., Vogl, C. & Cuéllar, M. (2018). Participatory Guarantee Systems in Spain: Motivations, Achievements, Challenges and Opportunities for Improvement Based on Three Case Studies. Sustainability, 10(11), 4081. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114081

(33) Lurie, S. & Brekken, C. A. (2017). The role of local agriculture in the new natural resource economy (NNRE) for rural economic development. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 34(5), 395–405. https://doi.org/10.1017/s174217051700062x

(34) Marchetti, L., Cattivelli, V., Cocozza, C., Salbitano, F. & Marchetti, M. (2020). Beyond Sustainability in Food Systems: Perspectives from Agroecology and Social Innovation. Sustainability, 12(18), 7524. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187524

(35) McDonald, C., Corfield, J., MacLeod, N. & Lisson, S. (2019). Enhancing the impact and sustainability of development strategies with smallholder farmers: participatory engagement, whole farm modelling and farmer-led on-farm research. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 17(6), 445–457. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2019.1689063

(36) Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural de Colombia. (2017). Resolución 464 del 29 de diciembre de 2017 por la cual se adoptan los lineamientos estratégicos de política pública para la Agricultura Campesina, Familiar y Comunitaria ACFC. Bogotá D.C.

(37) Montefrio, M. J. F. & Johnson, A. T. (2019). Politics in participatory guarantee systems for organic food production. Journal of Rural Studies, 65, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.12.014

(38) Radomsky, G., Niederle, P. & Schneider, S. (2015). Participatory systems of certification and alternative marketing networks: the case of the Ecovida Agroecology Network in South Brazil. En P. Hebinck, J. Van Der Ploeg, J. & Schneider, S. (Eds.). Rural Development and the Construction of the New Markets (pp. 79–98), London and New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.

(39) Rex, E. & Baumann, H. (2007). Beyond ecolabels: what green marketing can learn from conventional marketing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 15(6), 567–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.05.013

(40) Riveros, H. (2014). Valor agregado en los productos de origen agropecuario: aspectos conceptuales y operativos / Hernando Riveros y Wienke Heinrichs. San José, C.R.: IICA.

(41) Rodrigues, A., Dias, L., De Paula, T., De Souza, V. & Pereira, S. (2019). The Contribution of the Participatory Guarantee System in the Revival of Agroecological Principles in Southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Sustainability, 11(17), 4675. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174675

(42) Roldán, H. N., Gracia, M. A. y Mier, M. (2018). Los mercados locales alternativos en México y Colombia: resistencias y transformaciones en torno a procesos de certificación. Cuadernos de Desarrollo Rural, 15(82), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.cdr15-82.mlam

(43) Rover, O., de Gennaro, B. & Roselli, L. (2016). Social Innovation and Sustainable Rural Development: The Case of a Brazilian Agroecology Network. Sustainability, 9(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9010003

(44) Sacchi, G. (2019). Social innovation matters: The adoption of participatory guarantee systems within Italian alternative agri‐food networks. Strategic Change, 28(4), 241–248. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2265

(45) Sánchez, J. (2017). Mercado de productos agrícolas ecológicos en Colombia. Suma de Negocios, 8(18), 156-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sumneg.2017.10.001

(46) Solarte, M. R. y Grass, J. F. (2021). El Sistema Participativo de Garantías (SPG) como estrategia administrativa en los territorios rurales cafeteros del Cauca, Colombia. Revista Estrategia Organizacional, 10(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22490/25392786.3644

(47) Tang, J. W., Chen, M. L. & Chiu, T. H. (2018). An Exploratory Study on Local Brand Value Development for Outlying Island Agriculture: Local Food System and Actor–Network Theory Perspectives. Sustainability, 10(11), 4186. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114186

(48) Torremocha, E. (2011). Los sistemas participativos de garantía. Herramientas de definición de estrategias agroecológicas. Revista Agroecología, Universidad de Murcia, 6, 89-96. https://revistas.um.es/agroecologia/article/view/160701/140571

(49) Totin, E., van Mierlo, B. & Klerkx, L. (2020). Scaling practices within agricultural innovation platforms: Between pushing and pulling. Agricultural Systems, 179, 102764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102764

(50) Vernier, T. (2020). Participatory Guarantee System for urban agriculture. [Master’s Thesis, Norwegian University of Life Sciences]. Master’s theses (BioVit). https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2721609

Publicado

2022-07-01

Como Citar

Machuca Henao, J. Y., & Ávila Guerrero, F. M. (2022). Sistemas de garantia participativa como estratégias de desenvolvimento para produtores rurais. Tendencias, 23(2), 246–272. https://doi.org/10.22267/rtend.222302.208