Influência do grau de liberdade econômica na produtividade do trabalho na América Latina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22267/rtend.262701.289Palavras-chave:
capital, economia de mercado, economia do trabalho, investigação e desenvolvimento, mão de obra, modelo económicoResumo
Introdução: Os países da América Latina apresentam grande heterogeneidade nos níveis de produtividade do trabalho e no grau de liberdade económica. Objetivo: Analisar a influência da liberdade económica na determinação da produtividade da mão de obra nos países da América Latina. Metodologia: Foram utilizados dados de painel de 20 países entre 2014 e 2023, aplicando modelos de mínimos quadrados ordinários agrupados, efeitos fixos e aleatórios. Resultados: A liberdade económica tem um efeito positivo sobre a produtividade laboral. Os países com maiores níveis de produtividade são aqueles com maior grau de liberdade económica. Os indicadores-chave incluem direitos de propriedade, controlo da corrupção, despesas públicas, saúde fiscal, liberdade empresarial e independência monetária. Discussão: Um maior grau de liberdade económica promove a produtividade laboral, embora a relação varie entre os países. A interação com outros fatores, como a qualidade da educação e a infraestrutura, também influencia os resultados. Embora a liberdade económica seja fundamental, outros elementos complementares devem ser considerados para um impacto mais significativo. Conclusões: A liberdade económica é crucial para aumentar a produtividade laboral. As políticas económicas devem concentrar-se na criação de um ambiente favorável ao investimento e à inovação.
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