Population dynamics of free-living nematodes populationsunder different soil uses and management
Keywords:
Diversity Indices, Trophic chain, Nematodes, Soil biology, TaxaAbstract
The seasonal fluctuation of nematode populations, associated to seven uses of land was studied in both dry and rainy seasons; for uses of land and for each season, soil samples were taken to a depth from 0-20 cm; extraction nematode was obtained using extraction by centrifugation, and for their identification, morphological keys that include morphometric characters and diagnostic. During evaluation period 21 families were observed, being more frequent: Cephalobidae, Rhabditidae, Aphelenchidae, Dorylaimidae, Mononchidae, Tylenchidae and Criconematidae. The identified taxa were assigned into trophic groups. Diversity indexes of Simpson, Shannon and Margalef were calculate to get comparisons between different land uses with different sampling times, that according to results showed differences between uses and time of assessment. The observed differences were analyzed by means of an analysis of variance and the post-hoc Tukey test, having as criteria abundance, richness and diversity indexes. Nematode populations were lower in the dry season than in the rainy one; other results showed that native forest, protein bank and plantations of acacia and aliso had the highest biological diversity (P< 0,01) respect to the rest of treatments, allowing evaluate the trophic chain of the nematodes and the population fluctuation of them.
Downloads
Metrics
References
AGUIRRE, D., ORDOÑEZ , Y. 2009. Evaluación de algunas propiedades físicas en suelos con diferentes usos en sistemas productivos del altiplano de pasto - departamento de Nariño. Tesis de grado Pasto: Universidad de Nariño. Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas. Programa de Ingeniería Agroforestal. 23 p.
ARTEAGA, J. 2009. Evaluación de algunas variables químicas de suelos, en diferentes sistemas productivos y tiempos de uso, en el corregimiento de Obonuco, municipio de pasto. Tesis de grado Pasto: Universidad de Nariño. Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas. Programa de Ingeniería Agroforestal. 85 p.
BERKELMANS, R., FERRIS, H., TENUTA, M., BRUGGEN, V. 2003. Effects of long-term crop management on nematode trophic levels other tan plant feeders disappear after 1 year of disruptive soil management. Applied Soil Ecology. 23: 223 – 235
BONGERS T., BONGERS M. 1998. Functional diversity of nematodes. Applied Soil Ecology., 10: 239-251.
BONGERS T., FERRIS, H. 1999. Nematode community structure as a bioindicator in environmental monitoring. Trend Evol. Ecology. 14:224 - 228.
CABRERA, P., GOMEZ, H. 2009. La macrofauna en diferentes usos y manejos del suelo en el Centro experimental de fedepapa en el corregimiento de Obonuco, municipio de pasto, departamento Nariño. Pasto: Universidad de Nariño. Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas. Programa de Ingeniería Agroforestal. 31 p.
COLEMAN, D., BLAIR, J., ELLIOT, E., WALL, D. 1999. Soil invertebrates In Standard Soil Methods for Long-term ecological research. Roberts et al. (Eds.). , 349 - 377 p.
COLEMAN, D., CROSSLEY, D. 1996. Fundamental of soils ecology. Academic Press, San Diego. 205 p.
FERRIS, H., BONGERS, T.; DE GOEDE, R. 2001. framework for soil food web diagnostics: extensión of the nematode faunal analysis concept. Applied Soil Ecology., 18: 13-29.
FERRIS, H., MATUTE, M. 2003. Structural and functional succession in the nematode fauna of a soil food web. Applied Soil Ecology. 23: 93-110.
FRECKMAN, D. 1982. Nematodes in soil ecosystems. The University of Texas Press. USA. 198 p.
FRECKMAN, D., ETTEMA, C. 1993. Assessing nematode communities in agroecosystems of varying human intervention. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 45:239 - 261.
GUPTA, V., YEATES, G. 1997. Soil microfauna as bioindicators of soil health. In: Biological Indicators of Soil health. Pankhurst: Doube and grupta (Eds.). pp 201-233.
INGHAM, R. 1994. Nematodes. In: Methods of Soil analysis, USA. p. 459-490.
FAO. 2010. La biota del suelo y la biodiversidad. En ftp://ftp.fao.org/paia/biodiversity/soilbiota biod_es.pdf. 7 p.; consulta: 3 de Abril de 2010.
LEGUIZAMO, C Y PARADA J. 2008. Nematodos del suelo en el sistema maíz-soya y en hábitats naturales adyacentes de la altillanura colombiana (Meta). Revista Corpoica – ciencia y tecnología agropecuaria. 9: 61-65.
LIANG, W. J; LAVIAN, I; MOURATOV , S, STEINBERGER, Y. 2005. Diversity and dynamics of soil free-living nematode populations in a meditarrean agroecosystem. Pedosphere. 15, 204-215.
MAGURRAN, A. E. 1988. Ecological diversity and its measurement. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 179 p.
MATLACK, G. 2001. Factors determining the distribution of soil nematodes in comercial forest landscape. Forest Ecology and Management. 146:237 - 143 p.
METHODS OF SOILS ANALYSIS- ASA. 1994. Microbiological and Biochemical Properties. Ed. Mickelson, s.H. USA. Number 5, Soil Science Society of America., 600 p.
MORENO, C. E. 2001. Métodos para medir la biodiversidad. M&T–Manuales y Tesis SEA, vol. 1. Zaragoza, 84 p.
NAVIA, J. 2008, Evaluación del manejo de los residuos de papa (richie) y algunas especies forrajeras arbustivas como suplemento animal para los bovinos de leche en el trópico de altura de Nariño. San Juan de Pasto, 2008, p.4.
Proyectos de Inversión. Asociación Hortofrutícola de Colombia (ASOHOFRUCOL). NAVIA, J. 2006. Impacto de aportes superficiales de biomasa vegetal de diferente calidad sobre poblaciones nativas de hongos formadores de micorriza arbuscular, rizobios y nematodos, en un suelo agrícola de Santander de Quilichao (DEPARTAMENTO DEL CAUCA). [Tesis doctorado]. Palmira: Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Palmira. Facultad de ciencias agropecuarias. 140 p.
SAS INSTITUTE INC. 1999-2000. Sas User’s Guide: Statistics release 8.1. SAS Institute. N.C. USA.
STEINBERGER, Y; SARIG, S. 1993. Responses by soil nematode populations in the soil microbial biomass to a rain episode in the hot, dry Negev Desert. Biol. Fertil. Soils.16. 188- 192.
SCHNURER, J., CLARHOLM, M.; BOSTROM, S., ROSSWALL, T. 1986. Effects of moisture on soil microorganisms and nematodes: A field experiment. Micr Ecol. 12: 217-230.
TOBÓN, J. 2005. Cómo tomar una buena muestra de suelo. ICA, Santafé de Bogotá. 142 p.
YEATES, G., BONGERS, T.; GOEDE, R., FRECKMAN, D., GEORGIEVA, S. 1993. Feeding habits in soil nematode families and Genera – An Outline for Soil Ecologists. Journal of nematology. 25 (3): 315 – 331.
YEATES, G. 1979. Soil nematodes in terrestrial ecosystems. Journal of Nematology, 11(3): 213-227.
YEATES, G. y BIRD, A. 1994. Some observations on the influence of agricultural practices on the nematode faunae of some South Australian soils. Fundamental Applied Nematology 17 (2): 133 – 145.
