Perception of tourism stakeholders due to the effects of covid-19. Case of municipal territories in Antioquia - Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22267/rtend.222302.213Keywords:
business management, Covid-19, domestic workers, local government, perception, service industryAbstract
The measures taken to contain the spread of the Covid-19 virus affected the world economy and in particular the tourism sector. The stoppage of activities resulted in a drastic drop in its operations, also impacting on the perception that tourism actors have in the process of economic recovery. The research sought to identify the perception of the actors in the tourism sector chain about the impacts generated by Covid-19 in the Jericó and Jardín municipalities, located southwest of Medellín-Colombia, with a qualitative and interpretive approach which tends to understand , interpretation and perception of the realities of tourism service providers. The design was cross-sectional, not experimental, and the phenomenological method was used. Direct effects were evident mainly in the sustainability and permanence of the companies in the sector, financial and income weakness, which generated unemployment in the region. Finally, the tourism companies located in these two municipalities do not have action and response plans to these external threats, which leads to decisions such as reducing staff, closing and liquidating the companies in the short term and the feeling of not having the support of public institutions.
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References
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(39) Rutynskyi, M. & Kushniruk, H. (2020). The impact of quarantine due to COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry in Lviv (Ukraine). Problems and Perspectives in Management, 18(2), 194-205. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(2).2020.17
(40) Sanabria, J. M., Aguiar, T. & Araujo, Y. (2021). Public strategies to rescue the hospitality industry following the impact of COVID-19: A case study of the European Union. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 97, 102988.
(41) Sánchez, M., Rodríguez, M. C. y Ricci, A. (2021). Percepción empresarial de la pandemia por COVID-19 y su impacto en el turismo: un análisis cualitativo del destino Extremadura, España. Estudios Gerenciales, 37(159), 265–279.
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(50) Yin, J., Cheng, Y., Bi, Y. & Ni, Y. (2020). Tourists perceived crowding and destination attractiveness: The moderating effects of perceived risk and experience quality. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 18, 100489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100489
(51) Zheng, D., Luo, Q. & Ritchie, B. W. (2021). Afraid to travel after COVID-19? Self-protection, coping and resilience against pandemic ‘travel fear’. Tourism Management, 83, 104261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104261
(2) Anato. (2020a). Encuesta COVID-19 (3). [Presentacion resultados]. https://anato.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Encuesta-de-impacto-COVID-19-3.pdf
(3) Anato. (2020b). IV Encuesta de impacto Covid-19 Agencias de Viajes. [Presentacion resultados]. https://anato.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Encuesta-de-Impacto-COVID-19-4.pdf
(4) ArcGIS Survey123. (2021). Formularios más inteligentes, captura de datos inteligente. https://survey123.arcgis.com/
(5) Bonet, J., Ricciulli, D., Pérez, G., Galvis, L., Haddad, E., Araújo, I. y Perobelli, F. (2020). Impacto económico regional del Covid-19 en Colombia: un análisis insumo-producto. Banco de la República. https://repositorio.banrep.gov.co/bitstream/handle/20.500.12134/9843/DTSERU_288.pdf
(6) Brouder, P., Teoh, S., Salazar, N. B., Mostafanezhad, M., Pung, J. M., Lapointe, D., Desbiolles, F. H., Haywood, M., Hall, C. M. & Clausen, H. B. (2020). Reflections and discussions: Tourism matters in the new normal post COVID-19. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 735-746. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1770325
(7) Cámara de Comercio de Medellin para Antioquia. (2020, 24 de Abril). Rueda de prensa-Las empresas antioqueñas en la coyuntura COVID-19 [Vídeo]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5NJ7uZXUVg&t=11s&ab_channel=C%C3%A1maradeComerciodeMedell%C3%ADn
(8) Castello, V. (2020). Desafíos y oportunidades para el turismo en el marco de la pandemia COVID-19. Cuadernos de Política Exterior Argentina (Nueva Época), (131), 115-118. https://rephip.unr.edu.ar/handle/2133/18384
(9) Cave, J. & Dredge, D. (2020). Regenerative tourism needs diverse economic practices. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 503-513. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1768434
(10) Centro de Pensamiento Turístico-Colombia. (2018a). Indice de Competitividad Turística Regional de Colombia – ICTRC 2018. https://cptur.org/publicaciones/tabCuXaGsSzBNyC
(11) Centro de Pensamiento Turístico-Colombia. (2018b). Boletín de empleo: Sector turismo 2018-01. https://www.cptur.org/publicaciones/sfkpZxwzCOxc9ui
(12) CEPAL. (2020a). Coyuntura, escenarios y proyecciones hacia 2030 ante la presente crisis de Covid-19. https://www.cepal.org/sites/default/files/presentation/files/coyuntura_escenarios_2030_crisis_covid-19_ab.pdf
(13) CEPAL. (2020b). Medidas de recuperación del sector turístico en América Latina y el Caribe: una oportunidad para promover la sostenibilidad y la resiliencia. https://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/45770
(14) Confecámaras. (2021). Resultados Encuesta de las Cámaras de Comercio de Seguimiento y Monitoreo del Impacto de la COVID-19 en el Sector Empresarial.
(15) Cotelco. (2021). Resultados encuesta de reactivación e impacto del Covid 19 (nov-2020). https://www.cotelco.org/estadisticas/impactocovidnov2020
(16) Davies, B. (2003). The Role of Quantitative and Qualitative Research in Industrial Studies of Tourism. International Journal of Tourism Research, 5(2), 97-111. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.425
(17) Demeyère, C. (2020). Tourisme post COVID-19, conditions de travail et précarité dans le secteur touristique. Une réflexion sur un aspect négligé de la responsabilité sociale. Téoros, Revue de recherche en tourisme, 39(3). http://journals.openedition.org/teoros/7457
(18) Denzin, N. y Lincoln, Y. L. (Comps). (2012). Manual de Investigación cualitativa (Vol. 1, 2 y 3). Gedisa.
(19) Díaz, C. M. (2021). Análisis de las estrategias generadas para el sector hotelero de Colombia para superar la crisis por la Covid-19 durante la fase de pandemia. Turismo y Sociedad, 29, 183-199. https://doi.org/10.18601/01207555.n29.08
(20) Everingham, P. & Chassagne, N. (2020). Post COVID-19 ecological and social reset: Moving away from capitalist growth models towards tourism as Buen Vivir. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 555-566. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1762119
(21) Fuchs, G., Uriely, N., Reichel, A. & Maoz, D. (2013). Vacationing in a terror-stricken destination: tourists’ risk perceptions and rationalizations. Journal of Travel Research, 52(2), 182-191. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287512458833
(22) Galeano, M. E. (2009). Diseño de proyectos en la Investigación Cualitativa. Medellín, Editorial Eafit.
(23) Galvani, A., Lew, A. A. & Perez, M. S. (2020). COVID-19 is expanding global consciousness and the sustainability of travel and tourism. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 567-576. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1760924
(24) Giner, J. (2015). Teorias del Conflicto Social. http://alec.com.mx/uploads/links/97/U2.B._55_conficto_social_teorias.pdf
(25) Goh, E. & Baum, T. (2021). Job perceptions of Generation Z hotel employees towards working in Covid-19 quarantine hotels: The role of meaningful work. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(5), 1688-1710. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-11-2020-1295
(26) Güliz, N. & Akbıyık, A. (2020). Impacts of COVID-19 on global tourism industry: A cross-regional comparison. Tourism Management Perspectives, 36, 100744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100744
(27) Hao, F., Xiao, Q. & Chon, K. (2020). COVID-19 and China’s Hotel Industry: Impacts, a Disaster Management Framework, and Post-Pandemic Agenda. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 90, 102636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102636
(28) Latin America Digital Beat (LADB). (2009). Negative impact on Mexican tourism continues from April outbreak of swine flu. https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6324&context=sourcemex
(29) Lopes, A. S., Sargento, A. & Carreira, P. (2021). Vulnerability to COVID-19 unemployment in the Portuguese tourism and hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(5), 1850-1869. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-11-2020-1345
(30) Martínez, M. (2004). Ciencias y arte en la metodología cualitativa. Mexico: Trillas.
(31) Moya, J., Pimentel, R. y Puello, J. (2014). Chikungunya: Un reto para los servicios de salud de la República Dominicana. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 36(5), 331-335.
(32) Navarro, D. & Lorenzo, C. (2021). Sensitivity and vulnerability of international tourism by covid crisis: South America in context. Research in Globalization, 3, 100042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resglo.2021.100042
(33) Neuburger, L. & Egger, R. (2021). Travel risk perception and travel behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020: A case study of the DACH region. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(7), 1003-1016. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1803807
(34) Novelli, M., Gussing, L., Jones, A. & Ritchie, B. W. (2018). ‘No Ebola…still doomed’ – The Ebola-induced tourism crisis. Annals of Tourism Research, 70, 76-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2018.03.006
(35) Qiu, R. T., Park, J., Li, S. & Song, H. (2020). Social costs of tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic. Annals of Tourism Research, 84, 102994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102994
(36) Rivas, H., Grande, F., Cooper, C., Hidalgo, M., Astudilo, B. y Cervantes, D. (2021). Efectos del coronavirus en el sector turismo en Chile. Revista Turismo y Sociedad, 29, 157-181. https://doi.org/10.18601/01207555.n29.07
(37) Rittichainuwat, B. N. & Chakraborty, G. (2009). Perceived travel risks regarding terrorism and disease: The case of Thailand. Tourism Management, 30(3), 410-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.08.001
(38) Rodríguez, P. (2006). Teoría de la crisis. Universidad de la Coruña. https://ruc.udc.es/dspace/handle/2183/12754
(39) Rutynskyi, M. & Kushniruk, H. (2020). The impact of quarantine due to COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry in Lviv (Ukraine). Problems and Perspectives in Management, 18(2), 194-205. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(2).2020.17
(40) Sanabria, J. M., Aguiar, T. & Araujo, Y. (2021). Public strategies to rescue the hospitality industry following the impact of COVID-19: A case study of the European Union. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 97, 102988.
(41) Sánchez, M., Rodríguez, M. C. y Ricci, A. (2021). Percepción empresarial de la pandemia por COVID-19 y su impacto en el turismo: un análisis cualitativo del destino Extremadura, España. Estudios Gerenciales, 37(159), 265–279.
(42) Secretaría de Turismo de Antioquia. (2021). Secretaría de Turismo de Antioquia. Gobernación de Antioquia. http://www.antioquia.gov.co/secretaria-de-turismo-de-antioquia
(43) Škare, M., Soriano, D. R. & Porada, M. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on the travel and tourism industry. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 163, 120469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120469
(44) Smith, R. D. (2006). Responding to global infectious disease outbreaks: Lessons from SARS on the role of risk perception, communication and management. Social Science & Medicine, 63(12), 3113-3123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.08.004
(45) UNWTO. (2020). Tourism Recovery Post Covid-19. https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2020-05/COVID-19-Tourism-Recovery-TA-Package_8 May-2020.pdf
(46) UNWTO. (2021). World Tourism Barometer and Statistical Annex, January 2021. UNWTO, 19(1), 1–42. https://doi.org/10.18111/WTOBAROMETERENG.2021.19.1.1
(47) Vo, T., Vu, T. V., Nguyen, N. P., Nguyen, D. V., Zaman, M. & Chi, H. (2021). How does hotel employees’ satisfaction with the organization’s COVID-19 responses affect job insecurity and job performance? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(6), 907-925.
(48) Wut, T. M., Xu, J. & Wong, S. (2021). Crisis management research (1985–2020) in the hospitality and tourism industry: A review and research agenda. Tourism Management, 85, 104307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104307
(49) Xie, C., Zhang, J. & Morrison, A. M. (2021). Developing a scale to measure tourist perceived safety. Journal of Travel Research, 60(6), 1232-1251. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520946103
(50) Yin, J., Cheng, Y., Bi, Y. & Ni, Y. (2020). Tourists perceived crowding and destination attractiveness: The moderating effects of perceived risk and experience quality. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 18, 100489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100489
(51) Zheng, D., Luo, Q. & Ritchie, B. W. (2021). Afraid to travel after COVID-19? Self-protection, coping and resilience against pandemic ‘travel fear’. Tourism Management, 83, 104261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104261
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Published
2023-01-01
How to Cite
Quintero Arango, L. F., Zurbarán Arias, D. J., & Piñeros, S. T. (2023). Perception of tourism stakeholders due to the effects of covid-19. Case of municipal territories in Antioquia - Colombia. Tendencias, 24(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.22267/rtend.222302.213
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