Efeitos das instituições na dinâmica empresarial do Mercosul no período 2002-2017
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22267/rtend.222302.203Palavras-chave:
América Latina, crescimento econômico, desenvolvimento regional, negócio, integração econômicaResumo
O empreendedorismo é reconhecido como uma atividade capaz de gerar emprego, inovação e crescimento econômico. São múltiplos e diversos os fatores que o afetam, entre os quais se destacam as instituições formais e informais. Seu estudo é particularmente relevante na América Latina, dada a forte presença de micro, pequenas e médias empresas; no entanto, a amplitude territorial e a heterogeneidade da região dificultam generalizações representativas. Por isso, foi analisado o efeito das instituições sobre o empreendedorismo (por oportunidade e necessidade) em um grupo de países do Mercado Comum do Sul (Mercosul), um dos processos de integração mais importantes da América Latina, por meio da estimativa de um modelo de dados do painel de efeitos. Constatou-se que, no período 2002-2017, as instituições informais tiveram maior efeito sobre o empreendedorismo do que as formais. Essa situação representa um desafio adicional para a região, pois a promoção do empreendedorismo como meio de crescimento econômico requer mudanças estruturais nos aspectos culturais e sociais, cuja realização não é simples nem imediata.
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