El Desarrollo Local. Propuestas y Condiciones Necesarias

Abstract

Local development has been gaining importance in the world, as an option to the spread of globalization that began in the 1970s. As the problem of globalization exceeds the economic sphere, the same is true of local development. The opening of economies, the increase of productivity and the loss of the consequent protections, forced to restructure the productive systems and the productions. The proposed local development policy projects national experiences in developed countries that were able to face, more or less successfully, the problems they faced when competition from other countries destroyed some of their productive structures. The implementation of policies inspired by local development is proposed as an alternative to develop. In the political discourse, several of the instruments that these policies promote have been popularized, such as public-private collaboration, incubators, technology transfer, educational and research action, associativity among actors, etc. The implementation of these measures has not been all that successful, given the experiences in the practice of these policies in various countries of the world. This difference in results is analyzed based on differences in the initial conditions and lack of a situation of political reliability, lack of social capital and cooperation, as well as errors of public policy.