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Health promotion and disease prevention

Vol. 28 No. 3 (2026)

Alterações de imagem em crianças e adolescentes diagnosticados com transtorno do espectro autista: uma revisão da literatura

DOI
https://doi.org/10.22267/rus.262803.10172
Submitted
April 29, 2026
Published
2026-09-01

Abstract

Introdução: O transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) é um transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento caracterizado por dificuldades na interação social, comunicação e comportamentos repetitivos. Apesar de sua alta prevalência, a base fisiopatológica do TEA não é totalmente compreendida. Objetivo: Analisar os achados de estudos de neuroimagem que demonstram alterações fisiopatológicas no cérebro de indivíduos com TEA. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, UpToDate, ClinicalKey, Google Scholar e ScienceDirect entre fevereiro e agosto de 2024. As diretrizes PRISMA foram utilizadas para organizar a busca e o processo de seleção dos artigos. Resultados: Os estudos revisados revelaram diferenças estruturais na amígdala, no cerebelo e em outras áreas corticais, bem como alterações na conectividade neuronal e padrões atípicos de ativação cerebral. Essas disfunções estão associadas a dificuldades na interação social e na integração sensorial. Conclusão: As técnicas de neuroimagem fornecem informações valiosas sobre as alterações cerebrais associadas ao TEA e podem contribuir para o diagnóstico precoce e o desenvolvimento de intervenções terapêuticas mais eficazes.

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