Metodología rápida y sencilla para la determinación de colifagos somáticos como indicadores de contaminación fecal en una planta de tratamiento de agua localizada al noreste colombiano
Palabras clave:
Agua, Potabilización, Bacterias, Coliformes, ColifagosResumen
Resumen
Introducción: En el presente artículo se propone una metodología rápida y sencilla para determinar colifagos sómaticos en las diferentes etapas del tratamiento de agua de una planta del Nordeste Colombiano, con el fin de verificar la calidad del proceso de potabilización. Materiales y métodos: Se empleó la técnica de filtración por membrana para obtener el contenido fágico y posteriormente se cuantificó la presencia de los virus a través de la metodología de capa simple usando agar tripticasa de soya modificado. Resultados: El 88% de las muestras de agua analizadas resultaron ser positivas en alguna de las etapas del proceso de potabilización. La presencia de fagos aumentó en época de lluvias con recuentos máximos de 1310 UFP/100mL en la etapa de captación del agua y de 2,5 UFP/100mL en la etapa de cloración. La prueba no-paramétrica Chi cuadrado de homogeneidad en distribución corroboró estadísticamente la igualdad en distribución de las muestras positivas encontradas en cada una de las etapas de potabilización (p>5%) pues el muestreo fue fijado por indicador. Conclusión: La metodología empleada permitió en tan solo 12 horas determinar la presencia de colifagos somáticos en las diferentes etapas de tratamiento de agua de la planta objeto de estudio. Además, se comprobó la elevada resistencia de estas nanomáquinas naturales a los procesos de desinfección, que mostraron persistencia en etapas de almacenamiento y distribución, especialmente en época de lluvias.
Abstract
Introduction: In this article a quick and simple method is proposed to determine somatic coliphages in the different stages of water treatment in a plant in the northeast of Colombia, in order to verify the quality of the treatment process. Materials and methods: The technique of membrane filtration was used to get the phage content and subsequently through the methodology of single layer using tryptic soy agar modified, the presence of the virus was quantified. Results: 88% of the water samples analyzed were found to be positive in any of the stages of purification. The presence of phages increased during the rainy season with maximum counts of 1310 UFP / 100 mL at the stage of uptake of water and 2.5 UFP / 100 mL in the chlorination stage. Non-parampetrica Chi square homogeneous distribution test confirmed statistically equal distribution of positive samples found in each of the stages of purification (p> 5%) because the sample was determined by indicator. Conclusion: The methodology allowed to determine the presence of somatic coliphages at different stages of water treatment in the plant under study in only 12 hours. In addition, the high resistance of these natural nanomachines to the processes of disinfection was found, which showed persistence in warehousing and distribution stages, especially in the rainy season.
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