Gestión ambiental de aguas residuales industriales con mercurio proveniente de la minería aurífera a nivel mundial: estado del arte
Palabras clave:
Minería, Oro, MercurioResumen
Introducción: Dada la problemática social y ambiental generada por la minería aurífera artesanal y a pequeña escala (MAAPE), se lleva a cabo en el presente documento la revisión del estado del arte en cuanto a la gestión ambiental de aguas residuales con mercurio (Hg) a nivel mundial. Materiales y métodos: La revisión se realizó a partir de artículos científicos publicados durante los últimos cinco años, encontrando que las intervenciones para abordar los impactos por Hg en la MAAPE, se han enfocado en la creación de leyes de reducción y eliminación del uso del mercurio, las cuales han sido poco efectivas. Resultados: El 62% de los sitios evaluados, se encuentran en una categoría de gestión ambiental inexistente, el 8% se encuentra en etapa reactiva y el 31% en responsable, mientras que no se encontró ningún proceso en gestión proactiva o competitiva. De otra parte, se encontraron diversos estudios a nivel experimental sobre tratamientos de aguas residuales con Hg, que podrían ser adaptados a la gestión de los residuos líquidos provenientes de la MAAPE.
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