Degradación de oxalato por bacterias oxalotróficas asociadas a plantas del género Oxalis sp en regiones Andinas del departamento de Nariño, Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22267/rus.161801.20Palabras clave:
Oxalato de calcio, Oxalis sp, Degradación biológica, Cálculos renalesResumen
Resumen
Introducción: El ácido oxálico (H2C2O4) y las sales de oxalato son sustancias altamente oxidadas y consideradas tóxicas para algunos sistemas biológicos, incluido el humano, no obstante, pueden ser utilizadas como fuente de carbono y energía por algunas comunidades bacterianas, denominadas oxalotróficas, las cuales por su capacidad metabólica forman parte de la ruta biogeoquímica oxalato-carbonato (OCP, oxalate-carbonate pathway). Objetivo: Aislar y caracterizar bacterias oxalotróficas a partir de plantas del género Oxalis sp., de zonas alto-andina de Nariño- Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Se recolectaron muestras de suelo rizosférico de plantas oxalogénicas que fueron analizadas con parámetros fisicoquímicos y se utilizó un medio selectivo Schlegel para el aislamiento de bacterias oxalotróficas. Resultados: Las bacterias aisladas en medio selectivo Schlegel fueron caracterizadas bioquímicamente como: (Serratia fonticola, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus vallismortis y Bacillus cereus). Estas especies fueron capaces de degradar oxalato e incrementar el pH producto de la degradación. Conclusión: Este tipo de bacterias pueden ser estudiadas en trabajos complementarios para evaluar su potencial como biofertilizantes y/o alternativas de bioremediación en suelos ácidos. El estudio a pesar de ser indicativo a nivel biológico, puede en un futuro y con base en mayores soportes en investigación, tornarse en una promisoria aplicación para reducir el oxalato de calcio en los alimentos de consumo diario que presentan un renglón de importancia agrícola en la región, potencialmente dañinos para la función renal.
Abstract
Introduction: Oxalic acid (H2C2O4) and oxalate salts are highly oxidized substances, which are considered as toxic for some biological systems, including the human being; however, they can be used as a source of carbon and energy for some bacterial communities called oxalotrophic which are part of the so called oxalate-carbonate geochemistry pathway (OCP) due to its metabolic capacity. Objective: The aim of this research was to isolate and characterize oxalotrophic bacteria from plants of the genus Oxalis sp. in the high-andean zone of the department of Nariño, Colombia. Materials and methods: Samples of rhizosphere soil from oxalogenic plants were analyzed with physicochemical parameters and a Schlegel selective medium was used to isolate oxalotrophic bacteria. Results: The isolated bacteria through Schlegel selective medium were identified biochemically as: (Serratia fonticola, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus vallismortis and Bacillus cereus). The identified species play an important role in the rhizosphere soil, principally for the capacity to increase the pH during oxalate consumption. Conclusion: This type of bacteria can be studied in additional studies to evaluate their potential as bio-fertilizers and/or bioremediation alternatives in acid soils. Despite that the study is indicative at a biological level, it can become a promising application, in the future and with greater support in research, to reduce the calcium oxalate in food of daily consumption which represent an agricultural important line in the region and are potentially harmful to kidney finction.
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