Experiencias de educación para la salud en fisioterapia

Autores/as

  • Jacqueline Hernández Sánchez
  • Leidy Johanna Lozano García
  • Yurley Andrea Murillo Varela

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22267/rus.161803.63

Palabras clave:

Educación para la salud, Fisioterapia, Comportamiento en salud, Estilos de vida, Promoción de la salud

Resumen

Introducción: La educación para la salud es una herramienta fundamental en salud pública, donde los fisioterapeutas cumplen un rol importante; fomentando comportamientos que protegen la salud o previniendo aquellos que la ponen en riesgo. Objetivo: Identificar las características de experiencias en educación para la salud que llevan a cabo fisioterapeutas a nivel mundial. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, mediante revisión documental de experiencias divulgadas en artículos publicados entre 1995 y 2014. Resultados: Se identificaron 30 experiencias de fisioterapeutas como educadores para la salud, reportadas en artículos científicos. Las áreas de aplicación fueron, musculo-esquelética (20; 66,6%) y actividad física o ejercicio físico (6; 20%). Existen debilidades en las bases teóricas; además, se utilizan principalmente estrategias metodológicas tradicionales como la consejería (24,2%), la educación individual (21,2%) y la combinación de consejería con material de educación y comunicación (9,1%); los impresos son ampliamente usados. Las evaluaciones que se realizan son principalmente de tipo cuantitativo. Conclusiones: Son escasas las publicaciones científicas sobre intervenciones de educación para la salud realizadas por fisioterapeutas. Las reportadas en este artículo se desarrollan principalmente en el área músculo-esquelética, pero no se encuentra una clara fundamentación teórica; existiendo confusión y uso indiscriminado del término educación para la salud y promoción de la salud. Se plantean retos normativos y formativos para los fisioterapeutas como educadores para la salud, así como problemas para ser resueltos en futuras investigaciones.

Abstract

 Introduction: Health education is a fundamental tool in public health, where the physiotherapists play an important role by either promoting behaviors that protect the health or preventing those that put it at risk. Objective: To identify the characteristics of experiences of HE that physiotherapists carry out worldwide. Materials and methods: A descriptive study was performed by using documentary review of experiences reported in articles published from 1995 to 2014. Results: 30 experiences of physiotherapists as health educators were identified, which were reported in scientific papers. The areas of application were musculoskeletal (20; 69%) and physical activity or exercise (6; 20.6%). There are weaknesses in the theoretical foundations; in addition, traditional methodological strategies such as counseling (24.2%), individual education (21.2%) and the combination of counseling with educational material (9.1%) are used. Printed materials are also widely used. Evaluations carried out are mainly quantitative. Conclusions: There are few scientific publications of experiences about Health education in physiotherapy. Those reported in this article are mainly developed in the muscle-skeletal area. However, there is not a clear theoretical foundation; there is confusion and an indiscriminate use of the term Health education and health promotion. There are normative and training challenges for physiotherapists as health educators; as well as problems to be solved in future research.

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Biografía del autor/a

Jacqueline Hernández Sánchez

Enfermera, Maestría en Tecnología Educativa y Medios Innovadores de la Educación. Docente cátedra de la Escuela de Fisioterapia, Universidad Industrial de Santander. Bucaramanga, Colombia.

Leidy Johanna Lozano García

Fisioterapeuta. Clinica Carlos Ardila Lule, Clínica Foscal Internacional y Clinica de Urgencia Bucaramanga. Bucaramanga, Colombia.

Yurley Andrea Murillo Varela

Fisioterapeuta. Unidad Médica Clinilago. Bucaramanga, Colombia.

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Publicado

2016-12-20

Cómo citar

1.
Hernández Sánchez J, Lozano García LJ, Murillo Varela YA. Experiencias de educación para la salud en fisioterapia. Univ. Salud [Internet]. 20 de diciembre de 2016 [citado 29 de marzo de 2024];18(3):576-85. Disponible en: https://revistas.udenar.edu.co/index.php/usalud/article/view/3113

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