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Subject review

Vol. 18 No. 2 (2016)

MicroRNAs asociados al Cáncer de Cuello Uterino y sus lesiones precursoras: Una revisión sistemática

DOI
https://doi.org/10.22267/rus.161802.44
Submitted
March 5, 2016
Published
2016-08-31

Abstract

Los microRNAs (miRNAs) tienen especial interés en oncología, se ha demostrado el papel de miRNAs en el control de la expresión de genes reguladores del ciclo celular, alteración génica y su implicación en diferentes tipos de cáncer. En este estudio, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de literatura científica en bases de datos, que establecieran asociación de miRNAs con Cáncer de Cuello Uterino-CCU. Se analizó la localización genómica y cromosómica de miRNAs, la clasificación funcional, grupos de miRNAs al que pertenecen y su implicación en la progresión del CCU. Como resultado, se incluyeron 139 artículos científicos sobre miRNAs en CCU. Se identificaron 272 miRNAs en total y de ellos 252 miRNAs con expresión diferencial en tejidos cancerosos de cuello uterino; de estos, 97 miRNAs están sobre-expresados y 88 miRNAs infra-expresados. 67 miRNAs tuvieron perfiles de expresión variables. La mayoría de miRNAs asociados al CCU se encontraron en los cromosomas 1, 14, 19 y X, así como en regiones intrónicas e intergénicas. El cromosoma 18 humano contiene el menor número de miRNAs. Se identificaron miRNAs en procesos asociados al control del ciclo celular y respuesta inflamatoria. No obstante, se requieren más estudios para esclarecer los mecanismos de los miRNAs en desarrollo del CCU. Con esta revisión se destaca la importancia de miRNAs como biomarcadores pronóstico y diagnóstico, se brinda una actualización sobre miRNAs asociados al CCU y sus lesiones precursoras y se genera un recurso de recopilación y consulta valioso para orientar investigaciones de medicina molecular en este campo.  

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