Hábitos de vida y cáncer colorrectal: Un estudio de casos y controles en una población de ingresos medios y bajos
Keywords:
Colorectal cáncer, Physical activity, Alcoholism, Smoking, LifestyleAbstract
Resumen
Introducción: En Pasto Colombia, el cáncer colorrectal es una de las principales causas de morbi-mortalidad por cáncer. Para contribuir a la prevención primaria de esta enfermedad es necesario realizar estudios que permitan identificar la población a riesgo y los factores que influyen en su desarrollo. Objetivo: Analizar los hábitos de vida que predisponen al desarrollo de CCR en la población de Pasto para contribuir a la toma de decisiones dirigidas a la prevención y el control de esta enfermedad. Materiales y metodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico con una muestra de 55 casos (CCR+) seleccionados aleatoriamente de la base de datos de Registro Poblacional de Cáncer del Municipio de Pasto y pareados con 55 controles (CCR-). Mediante una regresión logística multivariada se identificó la relación y fuerza de asociación entre los hábitos de vida (actividad física, consumo de alcohol y tabaco) y el desarrollo de CCR, ajustando el modelo por covariables demográficas, socioeconómicas y clínicas. Resultados: En el análisis multivariado se identificó que el consumo diario de alcohol y el consumo diario de cigarrillo presentaron una asociación estadísticamente significativa con el desarrollo de CCR. Las personas con un consumo alto de alcohol (OR ajustado=5,8 IC95% 1,3-26,7) y un consumo de cigarrillo severo (OR ajustado=9,1 IC95% 1,7-70) tienen mayor probabilidad de desarrollar CCR que los individuos que no beben o fuman respectivamente. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos sugieren que necesario promover campañas de sensibilización que permitan dar a conocer, en la población del municipio de Pasto el riesgo a desarrollar CCR causado por inadecuados hábitos de vida como el consumo de alcohol y tabaco.
Abstract
Introduction: In Pasto Colombia, the colorectal cancer is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality from cancer. To contribute to the primary prevention of this disease, it is necessary to do studies which help to identify the population at risk and the factors that influence its development. Objective: To analyze people’s lifestyles that predispose to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Pasto and so contributing to decision-making for the prevention and control of this disease. Materials and methods: An analytical observational study was conducted with a sample of 55 cases (CRC +) who were randomly selected from the database of Cancer Registry of the Municipality of Pasto and matched with 55 controls (CRC -). The relationship and strength of association between lifestyle (physical activity, alcohol and snuff) and development of CRC was identified by using a multivariate logistic regression and adjusting the model for demographic, socioeconomic and clinical covariates. Results: In the multivariate analysis, it was identified that the daily consumption of alcohol and daily cigarette smoking was a statistically significant association with the development of CRC. People with a high intake of alcohol (adjusted OR = 5.8 95% CI 1.3 to 26.7) and severe cigarette consumption (adjusted OR = 9.1 95% CI 1.7 to 70) are more likely to develop CRC than the individuals who do not drink or smoke respectively. Conclusions: The findings suggest a need to promote awareness campaigns that show the risk of developing CRC caused by improper lifestyle habits such as alcohol and snuff to the population of the municipality of Pasto.
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