contadores web
Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
##common.pageHeaderLogo.altText##

Short article

Vol. 24 No. 3 (2022)

Fifth wave of COVID-19 and use of masks in open and enclosed spaces

DOI
https://doi.org/10.22267/rus.222403.281
Submitted
July 26, 2022
Published
2022-08-30

Abstract

Introduction: The management of the COVID-19 pandemic demands adaptations to each epidemiological moment. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological behavior of COVID-19 in Cali (Colombia) after removing the mandatory use of mask in open and enclosed spaces between March 1st to July 11th of 2022. Materials and methods: A descriptive observational study of COVID-19 cases and incidence proportion (IP) for 7 days, with two temporary milestones: desisting from mandatory mask use in open and enclosed spaces, using data published by the Instituto Nacional de Salud. The temporary trend was evaluated with the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test. Results: Differences between the first and second milestones were shown: 922 cases in 75 days versus 12,037 in 59 days; Tau=-0.22 versus 0.57, S=-608 versus 968, Var(S)=47,574.66 versus 233,280.66; Sen’s slope=-0.10 (CI95%: -0.18 and -0.03) versus 7.39 (CI95%: 5.23 and 8.88). After the second milestone, the IP increased with a positive trend (S=23, p=0.006). Conclusions: The significant increase in COVID-19 cases and in IP coincided with removing the mandatory use of mask mandates in enclosed spaces. This reinforces the recommendations to use masks in enclosed spaces, strengthen the management of the infodemic, promote vaccination and increase natural ventilation.

References

  1. Madhi SA, Kwatra G, Myers JE, Jassat W, Dhar N, Mukendi CK, et al. Population immunity and Covid-19 severity with omicron variant in South Africa. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2022; 386(14):1314-26. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2119658.
  2. Simó Miñana J. Ómicron, un reset en la gestión de la pandemia. Aten Primaria [Internet]. 2022; 54(3):102307. DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2022.102307.
  3. Altarawneh HN, Chemaitelly H, Ayoub HH, Tang P, Hasan MR, Yassine HM, et al. Effects of previous infection and vaccination on symptomatic omicron infections. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2022; 387(1):21-34. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2203965.
  4. Gandhi M, Yokoe DS, Havlir DV. Asymptomatic transmission, the Achilles’ heel of current strategies to control covid-19. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2020; 382(22):2158-60. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe2009758.
  5. Qu P, Faraone J, Evans JP, Zou X, Zheng Y-M, Carlin C, et al. Neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.4/5 and BA.2.12.1 subvariants. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2022; 386(26):2526-8. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2206725.
  6. Randolph HE, Barreiro LB. Herd immunity: Understanding COVID-19. Immunity [Internet]. 2020; 52(5):737-41. DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.012.
  7. Nicola M, Alsafi Z, Sohrabi C, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, Iosifidis C, et al. The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. Int J Surg [Internet]. 2020; 78:185-93. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018.
  8. NCIRD. Science brief: Indicators for monitoring COVID-19 community levels and making public health recommendations [Internet]. CDC. 2022 [citado 2022 Jul 7]. Disponible en: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/indicators-monitoring-community-levels.html
  9. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Resolución 692 de 2022 [Internet]. 2022 Apr 29. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/Normatividad_Nuevo/Resoluci%C3%B3n%20692%20de%202022.pdf
  10. Rojas G, Romero R. Management and impact of interventions to reduce COVID-19 cases in Costa Rica. Rev Panam Salud Publica [Internet]. 2022; 46:e23. DOI: 10.26633/RPSP.2022.23.
  11. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Consideraciones relativas a los ajustes de las medidas de salud pública y sociales en el contexto de la COVID-19: orientaciones profesionales. 2020 [citado 2022 Jun 20]. Disponible en: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331970
  12. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). Censo Nacional de Población y vivienda 2018, ¿Cuantos somos? (Cali / Valle del Cauca). 2018 [citado 2022 Jul 7]. Disponible en: https://sitios.dane.gov.co/cnpv/app/views/informacion/perfiles/76001_infografia.pdf
  13. Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia. Base Libre Para investigación. COVID-19, CALI (Colombia.) [Internet]. 2022 [citado 2022 Jul 17]. Disponible en: https://www.datos.gov.co/Salud-y-Protecci-n-Social/Base-Libre-Para-investigaci-n-COVID-19-CALI-Colomb/5ydd-wnkn
  14. Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC). Science brief: Indicators for monitoring COVID-19 community levels and making public health recommendations. Atlanta, Georgia (USA): CDC; 2022. Disponible en: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/indicators-monitoring-community-levels.html
  15. Consejo Interterritorial del Sistema Nacional de Salud de España. Indicadores para la valoración de riesgo y niveles de alerta de transmisión de COVID-19. Madrid (ESP): Consejo Interterritorial del Sistema Nacional de Salud de España; 2021. Disponible en: https://www.sanidad.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/ccayes/alertasActual/nCov/documentos/Indicadores_de_riesgo_COVID.pdf
  16. Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia, Programa Nacional de Caracterización Genómica de SARS-CoV-2. Caracterización Genómica de SARS-CoV-2 en Colombia: Muestreo del 1 de abril al 30 de abril de 2022 [Internet]. 2022 Jun 13. Disponible en: http://www.ins.gov.co/BibliotecaDigital/Caracterizacion-Genomica-SARS-CoV-2-Colombia-1-30-abril-2022.pdf
  17. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia. Resolución 1238 [Internet]. 2022 [citado 2022 Aug 5]. Disponible en: https://www.funcionpublica.gov.co/eva/gestornormativo/norma.php?i=190346
  18. Costa Haraki CA. Estrategias adoptadas en América del Sur para la gestión de la infodemia relacionada con la COVID-19. Rev Panam Salud Publica [Internet]. 2021; 45:e43. DOI: 10.26633/RPSP.2021.43.
  19. Chu DK, Akl EA, Duda S, Solo K, Yaacoub S, Schünemann HJ, et al. Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet [Internet]. 2020; 395(10242):1973-87. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31142-9.
  20. Chen Y, Wang Y, Quan N, Yang J, Wu Y. Associations between wearing masks and respiratory viral infections: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Front Public Health [Internet]. 2022; 10:874693. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.874693.
  21. Maged A, Ahmed A, Haridy S, Baker AW, Xie M. SEIR Model to address the impact of face masks amid COVID-19 pandemic. Risk Anal [Internet]. 2022:1-15. DOI: 10.1111/risa.13958.
  22. Bartsch SM, O’Shea KJ, Chin KL, Strych U, Ferguson MC, Bottazzi ME, et al. Maintaining face mask use before and after achieving different COVID-19 vaccination coverage levels: a modelling study. Lancet Public Health [Internet]. 2022; 7(4):e356-65. DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00040-8.
  23. Villers J, Henriques A, Calarco S, Rognlien M, Mounet N, Devine J, et al. SARS-CoV-2 aerosol transmission in schools: the effectiveness of different interventions. Swiss Med Wkly [Internet]. 2022; 152(21-22):w30178. DOI: 10.4414/smw.2022.w30178.
  24. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia. Minsalud anuncia cambios en lineamientos de aislamiento y toma de pruebas [Internet]. 2022 Jan 7 [citado 2022 Aug 5]. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/Paginas/Minsalud-anuncia-cambios-en-lineamientos-de-aislamiento-y-toma-de-pruebas-.aspx

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.