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Promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad

Vol. 28 Núm. 2 (2026)

Índices de oxigenación como predictores en insuficiencia respiratoria tratados con cánula nasal de alto flujo versus ventilación mecánica no invasiva. Revisión sistemática

DOI
https://doi.org/10.22267/rus.262802.9591
Enviado
junio 17, 2025
Publicado
2026-05-01

Resumen

Introducción: Para la evaluación de oxigenación y manejo terapéutico con cánula nasal de alto flujo y/o ventilación mecánica no invasiva en unidades de cuidado intensivo adulto, se utiliza índices de oxigenación.

Objetivo: Evaluar los índices de oxigenación como predictores de mortalidad, oxigenación, intubación, extubación y soporte ventilatorio en pacientes adultos en cuidado intensivo con insuficiencia respiratoria bajo asistencia de cánula nasal de alto flujo Vs. ventilación mecánica no invasiva.

Materiales y métodos: Revisión sistemática de literatura, se seleccionaron 289 estudios, 20 estudios fueron revisados con la lista Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies y Quality Assessment of Case-Control Studies, por cuatro árbitros cegados.

Resultados: Los índices de oxigenación confirmaron el diagnóstico de insuficiencia respiratoria, con mejoría de la presión arterial y saturación porcentual de oxígeno. El índice de Kirby mejoró significativamente con cánula nasal de alto flujo, soporte que presenta mejor tolerancia y menor tasa de reintubación. El uso de ventilación mecánica no invasiva se asoció con un mayor riesgo de mortalidad.

Conclusión: Los índices de oxigenación son predictores críticos en la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda, y la monitorización sistemática de estos optimiza la toma de decisiones terapéuticas y mejora el pronóstico de supervivencia.

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