Carcinógenos ambientales asociados a cáncer infantil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22267/rus.192103.164Palavras-chave:
Niño, Neoplasias, Carcinógenos, Factores de riesgo, Exposición a riesgos ambientalesResumo
Introducción: La Sociedad Americana de Cáncer indica que al año se diagnostican 163.300 casos de cáncer infantil en el mundo. En Colombia fueron reportadas 300 muertes por esta causa en menores de edad durante el año 2015. Actualmente, las principales asociaciones etiológicas de cáncer infantil son la radiación ionizante y exposición a pesticidas, convirtiéndose en una prioridad emergente en la agenda mundial de salud infantil. Objetivo: Identificar factores carcinogénicos asociados al incremento de riesgo en la aparición de cáncer infantil. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión de artículos científicos en inglés y español en la base de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, y publicaciones estadísticas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, Asociación Americana de Cáncer y el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Colombia. Resultados: Se describieron diferentes factores carcinogénicos como radiación ionizante, agentes biológicos, patrones dietéticos, exposición a pesticidas, tabaco y asbesto, destacando su asociación en el desarrollo de cáncer infantil. Conclusión: El reconocimiento de los agentes carcinogénicos frecuentemente asociados con cáncer infantil, permite identificar el impacto de estos sobre la salud, y generar medidas preventivas más eficaces que puedan reducir la carga global de la enfermedad.
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