Determinantes de adherencia al tratamiento antihipertensivo de adultos ≥ 35 años de edad
Palabras clave:
Hipertensión, Cumplimiento de la medicación, Agentes antihipertensivos, Comorbilidad, Adulto, Factores epidemiológicosResumen
Resumen
Introducción: La hipertensión es una condición prevalente y un factor de riesgo que conduce a morbi-mortalidad alrededor del mundo. El objetivo de este estudio es establecer los determinantes de adherencia al tratamiento hipertensivo en adultos sobre 35 años de edad de Pasto, Colombia. Método: Un estudio transversal fue llevado a cabo para establecer los determinantes de adherencia a la terapia farmacológica antihipertensiva en 128 adultos del “Centro de Salud Lorenzo de Aldana”. La evaluación de la adherencia fue hecha a través del test de Morisky-Green versión en Español. Un análisis descriptivo fue usado para variables demográficas y una regresión logística fue ejecutada para calcular un resultado dicotómico para los determinantes de adherencia. Resultados: La muestra de estudio consistió en 40 (31,3%) hombres y 88 (68,8%) mujeres pacientes hipertensos. El porcentaje de adherencia a la medicación fue 41.4%. Los pacientes hombres tenían mayor probabilidad de estar adheridos al tratamiento hipertensivo cuando ellos usaban más de un medicamento antihipertensivo, tal como inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina, bloqueadores de los canales de calcio y diuréticos (OR:4,16; IC al 95%:0,34-5,61), ellos estaban casados (OR:2,97; IC al 95%: 0,72- 11,73) y ellos estaban hospitalizados (OR:1,92; IC al 95%: 0,11- 33,30). Sin embargo, las pacientes mujeres cuando ellas no tenían comorbilidad (OR:4,27; IC al 95%: 0,81-22,49), ellas estaban entre 35 y 45 años (OR:4.0; IC al 95%:0,39-40,05) y ellas eran solteras (OR:2,56; IC al 95%:1,03-6,38) fueron más adherentes. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos sugieren que los determinantes de la adherencia a tratamientos antihipertensivos podrían depender del género.
Abstract
Introduction: Hypertension is a prevalent condition and a risk factor for morbidity and mortality around the world. The aim of this study is to establish the adherence determinants to antihypertensive treatment in adults over 35 from Pasto, Colombia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to establish the adherence determinants to antihypertensive pharmacotherapy in 128 adults at “Centro de Salud Lorenzo de Aldana”. The adherence evaluation was made through the Morisky-Green test in its Spanish version. A descriptive analysis was used for demographic variables, and a logistic regression was performed to calculate a dichotomous outcome by adherence determinants. Results: The study sample consisted of 40 (31.3%) men and 88 (68.8%) women who are hypertensive patients. The percentage of adherence to medication was 41.4%. Male patients were more likely to be adherent to hypertensive treatment when they used more than one antihypertensive drugs such as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers and diuretics (OR:4.16; 95% CI:0.34, 5.61), when they were married (OR:2.97; 95% CI:0.72, 11.73), and when they were hospitalized (OR:1.92; 95 % CI:0.11, 33.30). However, female patients were adherent when they did not have comorbidity (OR: 4.27; 95% CI: 0.81, 22.49), when they were 35 to 45 years old (OR:4.0; 95% CI:0.39, 40.05), and when they were single (OR:2.56; 95% CI:1.03, 6.38). Conclusions: These findings suggest that adherence determinants to antihypertensive treatment may depend on gender.
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