Monitoring of food handlers and their influence on the preparation of ready-to-eat foods
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22267/rus.242601.320Keywords:
Food supply, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Parasites, Foodborne diseasesAbstract
Introduction: Transmission of foodborne pathogens is related to inadequate sanitary conditions, which are derived from either the food preparation process or the person who prepares it. Food handlers are essential to preserve food innocuousness and protect consumer’s health. Objective: To evaluate demographic characteristics, hygiene practices, knowledge, work conditions and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in food handlers at public school restaurants in Antioquia, Colombia. Materials and methods: The study evaluated 104 food handlers in a municipality in Antioquia. Demographic data and stool samples were collected to identify intestinal parasites, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. Results: The presence of intestinal parasites (e.g. Entamoeba Complex and Trichuris trichiura) was identified in 61% of female participants. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 49% of food handlers. Conclusion: Infection of food handler was confirmed, making them potential sources of food contamination. They are committed to their work and have the knowledge to preserve basic hygiene conditions. It is highlighted their importance and influence in adequate hygienic practices to minimize the risks of transmission, as well as the need for medical treatment and regular checkups of food handlers to counteract the risk to consumers.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Ministerio de Educación Nacional de Colombia. Lineamientos técnico-administrativos y estándares del programa de alimentación escolar (PAE) [Internet]. Bogotá D.C (COL); 2013 [citado 2022 Ene 26]. Available from: https://www.mineducacion.gov.co/1621/articles-327168_archivo_pdf_lineamientos_Febrero27.pdf
Bai L, Wang M, Yang Y, Gong S. Food safety in restaurants: The consumer perspective. Int J Hosp Manag [Internet]. 2019;77:139 -146. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.06.023
Espinoza-Tellez T, Quevedo-León R, Ávila-Pizarro Y. Food as a transmitter of viruses: A review. Sci Agropecu [Internet]. 2022;13(1):25-42. DOI: 10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.003
World Health Organization. Informe sobre los resultados de la OMS: presupuesto por programas 2016-2017 [Internet]. WHO; [citado 2022 Ene 20]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA71/A71_28-sp.pdf
Instituto Nacional de Salud. Boletín Epidemiológico semanal: Vigilancia de brotes de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos, Colombia, 2020 preliminar [Internet]. Minsalud; [citado 2022 Ene 20]. Available from: https://www.ins.gov.co/buscador-eventos/BoletinEpidemiologico/2021_Boletin_epidemiologico_semana_4.pdf
Siddiki NA, Khan S, Sarker S, Bhuiyan MK, Mahmud A, Rahman T, et al. Knowledge, attitude and practice of chicken vendors on food safety and foodborne pathogens at wet markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Food Control [Internet]. 2022;131:108456. DOI: 10 /J.FOODCONT.2021.108456
Dorotikovà K, Kemenik J, Bogdanovicovà K, Křepelová S, Strejček J, Haruštiaková D. Microbial contamination and occurrence of Bacillus cereus sensu lato, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli on food handlers’ hands in mass catering: Comparison of the glove juice and swab methods. Food Control [Internet]. 2022:133. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108567
Al Bayari J, Taha S, Suliman A, Osaili TM. The role of food handlers’ religious and organizational commitment in food hygiene practices: A structural modeling approach. Food Control [Internet]. 2023;150:109732. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109732
Franz C, den Besten H, Böhnlein C, Gareis M, Zwietering M, Fusco V. Microbial food safety in the 21st century: Emerging challenges and foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Trends Food Sci Technol [Internet]. 2018;81:155–158. DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.09.019
Al-kandari D, Al-abdeen J, Sidhu J. Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of food handlers in restaurants in Kuwait. Food Control [Internet]. 2019:103:103–110. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.03.040
Sirichokchatchawan W, Taneepanichskul N, Prapasarakul N. Predictors of knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards food safety among food handlers in Bangkok, Thailand. Food Control [Internet]. 2021:126:108020. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108020
Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas y Certificación (ICONTEC). Norma Técnica NTS-USNA Sectorial Colombiana 007: Norma Sanitaria de Manipulación de Alimentos [Internet]. 2017 [citado 2019 Sep 11]. Available from: http://www.mincit.gov.co/getattachment/minturismo/calidad-y-desarrollo-sostenible/calidad-turistica/normas-tecnicas-sectoriales/nts-establecimientos-gastronomicos/norma-tecnica-sectorial-colombiana-nts-usna-007-no/norma-tecnica-sectorial-colombiana-nts-usna-007.pdf.aspx
Bayona M. Prevalence of Salmonella and enteroparasites in food and food stalls handlers and restaurants in an area of the north of Bogota, Colombia. Rev UDCA Act Div Cient [Internet]. 2012;15(2):267–274. DOI: 10.31910/rudca.v15.n2.2012.824
Engdaw G, Tesfaye A, Worede E. Food handlers' practices and associated factors in public food establishments in Gondar, Ethiopia 2021/2022. Heliyon [Internet]. 2023;9(4):e15043. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15043
Desalegn W, Birke W, Teshome T, Bacha K, Tamene A, Tesfaye L, Tagesse M. Intestinal Parasitosis and Associated Factors Among Food Handlers Working in the University of Southern Ethiopia. Environ Health Insights [Internet]. 2022;16: DOI: 10.1177/11786302221128455
Fanta F, Azene M, Habte K, Samson H, Kebede A. Determinants of safe food handling practice among food handlers in food establishments, Yeka sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Heliyon [Internet]. 2023;9(1)e-12977. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12977
Muñoz AB, Chaves JA, Rodríguez EC, Realpe ME. Listeria monocytogenes in food handlers: a new approach to address the dangers in food industry. Biomédica [Internet]. 2013;33(2):283–291. DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v33i2.716
Abdullah Sani N, Siow ON. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of food handlers on food safety in food service operations at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Food Control [Internet]. 2014;37:210–217. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.09.036
Ahmed MH, Akbar A, Sadiq MB. Cross sectional study on food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices of food handlers in Lahore district, Pakistan. Heliyon [Internet]. 2021;7(11): e08420. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08420
Taha S, Osaili TM, Vij M, Vij A, Alhogaraty E, AL-Utaibi G, et al. Measuring management practices impact on hygiene practices of food handlers: The mediating role of commitment and training perception. Food Control [Internet]. 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108313
Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia. Resolución 2674 de 2013. 2013 [citado 2019 Sep 11]. Available from: https://foman.com.co/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/2674.pdf
Botero D, Restrepo M. Parasitosis Humanas. 5ta Ed. Medellín (COL): Corporación para investigaciones Biológicas (CIB); 2012. Available from: https://books.google.com.co/books/about/Parasitosis_humanas_5a_Ed.html?id=bgT2DwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y
Abdel-Dayem M, Al Zou’bi R, Hani RB, Amr ZS. Microbiological and parasitological investigation among food handlers in hotels in the Dead Sea area, Jordan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect [Internet]. 2014;47(5):377–380. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2013.06.001
Kaminsky G de R. Manual de Parasitologia. Métodos para Laboratorios de Atención Primaria de Salud. 2da Ed. 2003. Available from: http://catalogobibliotecaipk.sld.cu/index.php?P=FullRecord&ID=74
Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia. Guía para la vigilancia por laboratorio de enfermedad diarréica aguda (EDA) y enfermedad trasmitida por alimentos (ETA) de origen bacteriano [Internet]. 2017. Available from: https://www.ins.gov.co/buscador/Informacin%20de%20laboratorio/Guía%20para%20la%20vigilancia%20por%20laboratorio%20de%20EDA%20y%20ETA.pdf
Gonzalez J, Sanandres NP. Microbiological Isolation of Salmonella spp. And Molecular tools for detection. Salud Unininorte [Internet]. 2014;30(1):73–94. Available from: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0120-55522014000100009
Alhashimi H, Ahmed M, Mustafa J. Nasal carriage of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus among food handlers in Kerbala city. Karbala Int J Mod Sci [Internet]. 2017;3(2):69–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.kijoms.2017.02.003
Acosta-Jurado DC, Castro-Jay LI, Pérez-García J. Zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites associated with hygiene and cohabitation habits in canine owners. Biosalud [Internet]. 2017;16(2):34-43. DOI: 10.17151/biosa.2017.16.2.4
da Cunha DT, Stedefeldt E, Vera de Rosso V. The role of theoretical food safety training on Brazilian food handlers’ knowledge, attitude and practice. Food Control [Internet]. 2014;43:167–174. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.03.012
da Cunha DT, Soon JM, Eluwole K, Mullan BA, Li Bai, Stedefeldt E. Knowledge, attitudes and practices model in food safety: Limitations and methodological suggestions. Food Control [Internet]. 2022;141:109198. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109198
Labović SB, Joksimović I, Galić I, Knežević M, Mimović K. Food Safety Behaviours among Food Handlers in Different Food Service Establishments in Montenegro. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2023;20(2):997. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020997
Clark J, Crandall P, Reynolds J. Exploring the influence of food safety climate indicators on handwashing practices of restaurant food handlers. Int J Hosp Manag [Internet]. 2019;77:187–194. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.06.029
Aziz SA, Dahan H. Food Handlers’ Attitude towards Safe Food Handling in School Canteens. Procedia Soc Behav Sci [Internet]. 2013;105:220–228. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.11.023
Liu P, Lee YM. An investigation of consumers’ perception of food safety in the restaurants. Int J Hosp Manag [Internet]. 2018;73:29–35. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.01.018
Dzwolak W. Assessment of HACCP plans in standardized food safety management systems – The case of small-sized Polish food businesses. Food Control [Internet]. 2019;106:106716. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106716
Alrasheed A, Connerton P, Alshammari G, Connerton I. Cohort study on the food safety knowledge among food services employees in Saudi Arabia state hospitals. J King Saud Univ Sci [Internet]. 2021;33(6):101500. DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101500
Faour-klingbeil D, Todd E, Kuri V. Microbiological quality of ready-to-eat fresh vegetables and their link to food safety environment and handling practices in restaurants. LWT [Internet]. 2016;74:224–233. DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.07.051
Mengist A, Mengistu G, Reta A. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella and Shigella among food handlers in catering establishments at Debre Markos University, Northwest Ethiopia. Int J Infect Dis [Internet]. 2018;75:74–79. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.08.008
Barros YA, Garcia LM, Franco PA, Arellano D, et al. Parasitismo intestinal en manipuladores de alimentos en Cartagena de indias durante el periodo 2005 – 2011. CienciActual, Vol 3:46-51, 2014. Available from: https://docplayer.es/32148345-Parasitismo-intestinal-en-manipuladores-de-alimentos-en-cartagena-de-indias-durante-el-periodo.html
Bastidas G, Rojas C, Martinez-Silva E, Loaiza L, et al. Prevalence of intestinal parasites in food handlers in a rural community in Cojedes, Venezuela. Acta Med Costarric [Internet]. 2012;54(4):241–245. Available from: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/434/43423699006.pdf
Ocaña-Losada C, Cuenca-Gomez JA, Cabezas-Fernandez MT, Vasquez-Villegas J, Soriano-Pérez MJ, Cabeza-Barrera I, et al. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of intestinal parasite infection by Blastocystis hominis. Rev Clin Esp [Internet]. 2018;218(3):115–120. DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2018.01.008
Florez AC, Rincon C, Gorzon P, Vargas L, Enríquez C. Factors related to foodborne diseases in restaurants from 5 Colombian cities, 2007. Infect [Internet] 2008;12(4):255–266. Available from: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0123-93922008000400004
Teimouri A, Keshavars H, Mohtasebi S, Goudarzi F, Mikaeili F, Borjian A, et al. Intestinal parasites among foodnhandlers in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Microbiol [Internet]. 2021;95:103703. DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103703
Chalmers RM, Robertson LJ, Dorny P, Jordan S, Kärssin A, Katzer F, et al. Parasite detection in food: Current status and future needs for validation. Trends Food Sci [Internet] 2020;99:337-350. DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.03.011
Ahmad S, Ahmad M, Maqbool M, Dar BN, Greiner R, Roohinejad S. Microbiological contamination of ready-to-eat vegetable salads in developing countries and potential solutions in the supply chain to control microbial pathogens. Food Control [Internet]. 2018;85:235–244. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.10.006
Smith AM, Tau NP Tau, Ngomane HM, Sekwadi P, Ramalwa N, Moodley K, et al. Whole-genome sequencing to investigate two concurrent outbreaks of Salmonella Enteritidis in South Africa, 2018. J Med Microbiol [Internet]. 2020;69(11):1303–1307. DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001255
Yimam Y, Ambachew W, Mehdi M. Intestinal parasites among food handlers of food service establishments in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2020;20(1):73. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8167-1
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Universidad y Salud
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
